How do I know which channel actually drove the sale?

The short answer

You cannot know for a single order, so stop trying to attribute sales one by one. Use three layers instead. Blended MER as the truth number from your commerce platform, platform reporting for in-channel optimisation only and incrementality tests to price each channel. Add a post-purchase survey asking how customers heard about you. Where the survey, the tests and MER agree, you can move budget with confidence.

Platform numbers overlap by design

Meta, TikTok and Google each claim the same order under their own attribution windows. Summed conversions routinely reach 120% to 160% of real orders. Use platform data to decide which ad wins inside that platform. Splitting budget between platforms needs a number the platforms cannot inflate.

GA4 on last non-direct click undercounts paid social, because much of the effect is view-through and dark social. Two systems disagreeing does not mean one is broken. They measure different things under different rules.

Blended MER is the number to run the business on

MER is total revenue divided by total marketing spend, pulled from Shopify or your ERP. It cannot be double counted. Track it weekly with new-customer CAC and contribution margin. When you raise spend, MER tells you what the business actually got.

Set an MER floor tied to margin and overheads. If 4x covers the plan, push spend while MER holds. When MER slips two weeks running, the incremental budget is buying nothing and should come back out.

Prove the channel with a holdout

Geo holdouts are the practical test for a UK brand. Split regions into exposed and control, hold the split for 4 to 6 weeks, then compare total orders. It is blunt and honest, and it survives every attribution change the platforms make.

Post-purchase surveys add the qualitative layer cheaply. Response rates are commonly reported in a 30% to 50% band when the question sits on the thank-you page. Answers drift toward memorable channels, so read them for direction alongside the holdout maths.

Quick answers

Is GA4 or Meta right?

Neither is right alone. GA4 uses last non-direct click and misses view-through. Meta counts 7-day click and 1-day view including its own view-through. Reconcile both against orders in your commerce platform.

Do I need a marketing mix model?

Only above roughly £150k a month in media across three or more channels. Below that the data is too thin, and geo holdouts plus MER answer the same questions for a fraction of the cost.

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